海の森の世界
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Sargassum horneri (Kumamoto Pref) |
Underwater forests, also known as "Moba" in Japanese, are highly dense communities of seaweed (including seagrass) and are recognized as one of the most productive ecosystems in the coastal areas worldwide. In Japan, we can find a diverse range of seaweed forests, including kelp (Laminaliales) and Sargassum (Fucales) with over 1500 species of seaweed. These forests provide three-dimensional habitats for marine organisms and support their biodiversity.
These communities are strongly influenced by a variety of eco-environmental factors such as light, temperature, nutrients, wave motion, and grazers. However, the continued changes in the coastal environment, caused by climate change and human activities, may lead to the degradation of this habitat and result in the loss of biodiversity. In fact, the area of Japanese seaweed/seagrass communities has decreased by around 40% in the past 30 years, and the species composition of seaweed has also changed throughout Japan. Subtropical seaweeds have been observed in the transitional area between temperate and subtropical regions of southern Japan.
To conserve the biodiversity of coastal ecosystems, further studies on seaweed ecology and diversity are strongly needed.
山に森があるように,海の中にも森が広がっていることをご存じでしょうか?私たちは,「海の中の森」のことを藻場と読んでいます。海藻の森である藻場は,沿岸域の重要な一次生産者であると共に,魚介類などの産卵場や生息場として機能し,沿岸漁業にも重要な役割を担っています。また,海藻類は主要な食糧資源でもあり、工業原料としても利用されています。
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Saccharina japonica |
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Eggs of squid in Sargassum bed |