Apr 11, 2025

A new article: The genetic legacy of a global marine invader (PNAS)

Please take a look at a newly published article on the introduction of the Pacific oyster, as well as other species that were transported with it to various regions. The article is now available in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS).

This study was led by Professors Erik Sotka and Allan Strand of the Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, USA, and was conducted through international collaboration, including contributions from our laboratory.

Congratulations to Erik, Allan, and all the other outstanding coauthors involved!

Erik E. Sotka et al. 2025. The genetic legacy of a global marine invader. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 122 (15) e2418730122

DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2418730122

 https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2418730122

Mar 30, 2025

Special Exhibition at Kagoshima City Aquarium: The World of Marine Algae

As the opening event of the special exhibition The World of Marine Algae, a workshop on making marine algae herbarium specimens was held at Kagoshima City Aquarium in Kagoshima. Twelve elementary and junior high school students attended. The students created herbarium specimens of twenty-four species of marine algae collected from various locations in Kagoshima Prefecture.

 


 

 
 



Mar 12, 2025

New article: DNA-based floristic survey of red algae (Rhodophyta) growing in the mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) offshore of Tanegashima Island

 Please take a look at our latest article on the DNA-based floristic survey of red algae (Rhodophyta) in the mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) offshore of Tanegashima Island, Japan. 

 
This study presents the first comprehensive catalog of red algae comprising the sublittoral marine flora (deeper than 30 m) around offshore Tanegashima Island and represents the first exhaustive molecular-assisted survey of red algal marine flora in Japan. Morphological and molecular analyses using plastid-encoded rbcL and mitochondrion-encoded cox1 genes identified a total of 129 species, including nine newly recognized in Japan.
 
Suzuki, M, and Terada, R 2025. DNA-based floristic survey of red algae (Rhodophyta) growing in the mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs) offshore of Tanegashima Island, northern Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. PLoS ONE 20(3): e0316067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316067
 


Mar 2, 2025

Spring has come!

Spring has come!
As spring arrives, the time of the lowest daily low tide shifts from nighttime to daytime, making intertidal algae surveys easier to conduct on the rocky shore. Yesterday, we conducted a survey at Nishikata Beach, Satsuma-Sendai City, which faces the East China Sea. Notably, Pyropia suborbiculata, Grateloupia asiatica, and Gloiopeltis furcata were abundant on the intertidal rocks.




Dec 12, 2024

OBITUARY: DR. TADAO YOSHIDA (July 8, 1933 – November 11, 2024)  追悼 吉田忠生 博士(北海道大学名誉教授)

OBITUARY: DR. TADAO YOSHIDA (July 8, 1933 – November 11, 2024)

With great sadness, we announce the passing of Dr. Tadao Yoshida, Professor Emeritus at Hokkaido University, Japan. He was a renowned member of the Japanese phycological community, celebrated for his groundbreaking research on the taxonomy of algae, particularly Sargassum and other species. His seminal work, Marine Algae of Japan (Yoshida 1998), cataloged all recognized species of marine algae in the region. Not only marine algae, but he also studied the taxonomy of some freshwater red algae including Nemalionopsis and Thorea. 

 

Dr. Yoshida earned his BSc, MSc, and Ph.D. at the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, obtaining his Ph.D degree (in Agriculture) in 1964. His research and teaching careers spanned three esteemed institutions: Kyushu University (1962), the Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute (1962–1968), and the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University (1968–1997). During his time at Hokkaido University, he also earned another Ph.D. degree (in Science).

 

An active member of the Japanese Society of Phycology for many years, Dr. Yoshida served as its President from 1995 to 1996. In recognition of his significant and long-standing contributions to phycology, he was honored with the Japanese Society of Phycology’s Yamada Award in 2016.

 

His name is commemorated in several algal species in recognition of his contributions to phycology:

 

Genus Yoshidaphycus Mikami, 1992

Yoshidaphycus ciliatus (Okamura) Mikami 1992

 

Sargassum yoshidae G.C.Trono 1994

 

Gelidium yoshidae G.H.Boo & R.Terada 2016

 

Dr. Ryuta Terada, head of the Laboratory of Marine Botany at Kagoshima University, had a longstanding history of communication with Dr. Yoshida, which began when Terada met him as a student at Hokkaido University in the 1990s. Their collaborative research continued even after Yoshida’s retirement from Hokkaido University in 1997. Together, they conducted a government survey on the marine algal flora and endangered freshwater algae in Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands during the 2000s, which included the discovery of a new species, Sargassum ryukyuense, from Okinawa and Amami (Shimabukuro et al. 2008). Dr. Masahiro Suzuki, an Assistant Professor at the same laboratory, also collaborated with Dr. Yoshida, resulting in the publication of The Checklist of Marine Algae of Japan in 2015.

 

The members of the Laboratory of Marine Botany at Kagoshima University are deeply grateful for Dr. Yoshida’s invaluable service and contributions.

 

May he rest in peace.

 

Yoshidaphycus ciliatus (Okamura) Mikami 1992

 

Aug 20, 2024

論文:分布南限の褐藻アントクメ:消失したと思われていた鹿児島県馬毛島沖での再確認

研究室の新しい論文が植物研究雑誌より刊行されました。
 
寺田竜太 2024.分布南限の褐藻アントクメ:消失したと思われていた鹿児島県馬毛島沖での再確認.
植物研究雑誌99 (4): 273–279
DOI: 10.51033/jjapbot.ID0211(刊行日:2024年8月20日)
 
Ryuta Terada 2024. A brown alga, Ecklonia radicosa at the southernmost distributional limit in Japan: Reconfirmation of Ecklonia radicosa from Mageshima Island, Kagoshima, the southernmost distributional limit in Japan. 
The Journal of Japanese Botany 99 (4): 273–279
DOI: 10.51033/jjapbot.ID0211 (Issue: 20 August 2024)
 
 
褐藻アントクメEcklonia radicosa(コンブ目)の標本や記録における分布南限は,種子島の西方に位置する馬毛島沖ですが,1971年の標本以降生育が確認されないままでいました。本種は馬毛島周辺海域から消失した可能性が考えられてきましたが,2023年10月7日の調査航海で実施したドレッジ調査において,本種の生育が改めて確認されました。
 
植物研究雑誌の論文のダウンロードは,刊行から2年間は雑誌購読者に限られています(2年以上を経たものはオープンアクセス)。論文に関心のある方は,お気軽に我々にお問い合わせください。なお,植物研究雑誌は2025年の刊行100周年に併せ,電子媒体のみによる完全オープンアクセスに移行するそうです。

Jul 21, 2024

A special workshop on making seaweed specimens for elementary school kids

We held a special workshop on making seaweed specimens for elementary school kids as an event during their summer holidays. On the first day, July 20, we pressed samples of 30 species collected during our field surveys, including some edible species like Nori and Wakame. Next weekend, after fully drying the samples, we will have the second day of the workshop, making herbarium specimens to complete their own exsiccatae. This workshop was conducted with funding from KAKENHI, provided by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).


 

Jul 13, 2024

Second Jeju International Island Symposium

Professor Ryuta Terada, the head of the Marine Botany Laboratory, was invited to the 2nd Jeju International Island Symposium as one of the speakers. The symposium was held from July 9th to 11th in Jeju City, Korea. He presented the status of the nationwide long-term monitoring survey known as "Monitoring-Site 1000" in Japan over the past 15 years. As Jeju Island and Kyushu Island are very close, with a distance of around 200 km between them, we believe our concerns about the degradation of seaweed communities observed in Kyushu may be helpful in considering the possibility of future changes in seaweed communities on Jeju Island. We express our thanks to the organizing committee of this symposium for inviting him to this wonderful opportunity.

 http://amkijeju.re.kr/98


 

May 18, 2024

New article: Chondria armata

Please check out our new article featuring the phenology and the response of photosynthesis to irradiance and temperature gradients in the herbal drug red alga, Chondria armata (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales).

 
Terada, Yoshizato, Murakami, Nishihara 2024. Phenology and the response of photosynthesis to irradiance and temperature gradient in the herbal drug red alga, Chondria armata (Rhodomelaceae, Ceramiales) from Kagoshima, Japan.
Journal of Applied Phycology
DOI: 10.1007/s10811-024-03250-w
 
This alga has been utilized by local inhabitants for many years in the Ryukyu Islands, serving as an herbal drug for anthelmintic purposes, effectively eradicating various intestinal worms such as parasitic roundworms, whipworms, and tapeworms. 
 
In the present study, we conducted a seasonal field survey to elucidate the seasonal variations of this alga in Kagoshima, Japan. Additionally, we conducted experiments to analyze the photosynthetic response of C. armata under varying temperature and irradiance gradients. This endeavor aims to enhance our understanding of the optimal and critical environmental conditions for this alga near the northern distributional limit in the Pacific.
 
Chondria armata

 

May 12, 2024

The Takeno and Awajishima surveys

We participated in field surveys for the nationwide long-term monitoring project known as 'Monitoring Site 1000,' conducted at Takeno in Toyooka City, facing the Sea of Japan, and at Awajishima Island in Sumoto City, facing the Pacific Ocean, both located in Hyogo Prefecture.
 
 
These surveys were conducted by the Kobe University Research Center of Seto Inland Seas (KURCIS), and phycologists from the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, as well as those from our laboratory, were invited as specialists.
 

May 1, 2024

9th Asian Pacific Phycological Forum (APPF2024)

The 9th Asian Pacific Phycological Forum (APPF2024) was successfully closed except for the excursion that is conducted today. As one of the co-chairs of the LOC, Ryuta Terada wishes to express sincere thanks to all participants, the LOC, and staff members who contributed to the conference. The next meeting will be held in April 2027 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

 



Apr 27, 2024

Sargassum horneri at Nagashima Island, Kagoshima

Introducing amazing photos of the fucoid forest, Sargassum hornei, found only during this period at Nagashima Island, Kagoshima, Japan. The photos were taken during the April Nagashima survey.



 

Mar 21, 2024

JSP48

We will attend the 48th annual Japanese Society of Phycology meeting (JSP48) held at Kobe University this weekend. From the Marine Botany Lab, a total of nine presentations will be presented by faculty and students. The photo shows printed posters.
 

 

Mar 18, 2024

New Assistant Professor

The Marine Botany Lab of Kagoshima University welcomes Dr. Masahiro Suzuki, who has been newly appointed as Assistant Professor. His specialty lies in the taxonomy and systematics of macroalgae, particularly marine and freshwater red algae. He will conduct research and education for undergraduate and postgraduate students alongside Professor Ryuta Terada and Associate Professor Hikaru Endo.
 
Dr. Suzuki's profile

Dec 28, 2023

New article: Caulerpa chemnitzia var. laetevirens

Introducing a new article that explores the optimization of cultivation and shipping environments for an edible green alga, Caulerpa chemnitzia var. laetevirens from Japan.

 

Terada, Matsuda, Nishihara 2024. Optimizing cultivation and shipping environments for an edible green alga, Caulerpa chemnitzia var. laetevirens (Bryopsidales) from Japan: Effects of temperature, irradiance, desiccation and salinity on photochemical efficiency. 

Phycological Research 72 (1): Online

DOI: 10.1111/PRE.12539

Caulerpa chemnitzia var. laetevirens

Harvested Caulerpa chemnitzia var. laetevirens

 

Dec 3, 2023

Annual research achievement 2023

This is an annual research achievement from the 2023 Marine Botany Laboratory at Kagoshima University. As we reflect on the year, we would like to express our gratitude to all the students, colleagues, co-authors, and contributors. Thank you for a great year.

Articles
1. Yukiko Yonemori, Shogo Kokubu, Gregory N. Nishihara, Hikaru Endo, Ryuta Terada 2023. The effects of desiccation and salinity gradients in the PSII photochemical efficiency of an intertidal brown alga, Sargassum fusiforme from Kagoshima, Japan. Phycological Research 71: 3–12 https://doi.org/10.1111/PRE.12491 (3 January 2023) 
 
2. Tomohiro Ito, Toui Yoshioka, Hiromori Shimabukuro, Gregory N. Nishihara, Hikaru Endo, Ryuta Terada 2023. The effect of temperature, light-spectrum, desiccation, and salinity gradients on the photosynthetic performance of a subtidal brown alga, Sargassum macrocarpum from Japan. Phycological Research 71: 25–36 https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12508 (3 January 2023)
 
3. Hikaru Endo, Hikari Moriyama, Yutaka Okumura 2023. Photoinhibition and photoprotective responses of a brown marine macroalga acclimated to different light and nutrient regimes. Antioxidants 12: 357 https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020357 (2 February 2023)
 
4. Yoichi Sato, Takayuki Fujiwara, Hikaru Endo 2023. Density regulation of aquaculture production and its effects on commercial profit and quality as food in the cosmopolitan edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. Frontiers in Marine Science 10: 1085054 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1085054 (10 February 2023)
 
5. 島田菜摘,Gregory N. Nishihara,寺田竜太.2023.奄美大島産ウミジグサHalodule uninervisの光合成における温度や光の影響.日本水産学会誌89: 115–126 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.22-00035 (3月15日).Natsumi Shimada, Gregory N. Nishihara, Ryuta Terada. 2023. The effect of temperature and irradiance on the photosynthesis of a seagrass, Halodule uninervis from Amami-Oshima Island, Kagoshima. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 89: 115–126 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.22-00035 (15 March 2023)
 
6. 豊田(小谷野)有加,広瀬雅人,中野智之,小松浩典,寺田竜太,豊福高志,長井裕季子,今井仁,小山田佑輔,向哲嗣,川口大朗,高嶺春夫,港隆一,森英章,三宅裕志2023.西之島の海洋生物相の速報.小笠原研究49: 113–168, https://ogasawara.fpark.tmu.ac.jp/pdf/No49/OgasawaraResearchNo.49_113-168.pdf(2023年3月). Yuka Toyoya (Koyano), Masato Hirose, Tomoyuki Nakano, Hironori Komatsu, Ryuta Terada, Takashi Toyofuku, Yukiko Nagai, Hitoshi Imai, Yusuke Oyamada, Akitsugu Mukai, Dairou Kawaguchi, Ryuichi Minato, Hideaki Mori, Hiroshi Miyake 2023. Preliminary report of marine macrofauna of Nishinoshima Island. Ogasawara Research 49: 113–168, https://ogasawara.fpark.tmu.ac.jp/pdf/No49/OgasawaraResearchNo.49_113-168.pdf (March 2023)
 
7. Ryuta Terada, Aoi Shindo, Hikari Moriyama, Narumi Shimboku, Gregory N. Nishihara 2023. The response of photosynthesis to temperature and irradiance in a green alga, Ryuguphycus kuaweuweu (Ulvales) reveals adaptation to a subtidal environment in the northern Ryukyu Islands. Algal Research 74: Article 103189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103189 (29 June 2023)
 
8. Ryuta Terada, Rumina Nakamura, Takuya Iwanaga, Keita Nakahara, Gregory N. Nishihara 2023. The real-time measurements of PSII photochemical efficiency in the microscopic sporophyte of Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis (Bangiaceae) reveals the low capacity of desiccation tolerance that drops within a few minutes of dehydration. Algal Research 75: 103283, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2023.103283 (4 October 2023)
 
9. 新北成実,寺田竜太.2023.鹿児島湾のアマモ場:2021年の分布状況と長期的な衰退.日本水産学会誌89: 510–520 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.23-00020 (2023年11月15日).Narumi Shimboku, Ryuta Terada. 2023. Seagrass bed in Kagoshima Bay: The distribution status in 2021 and long-term decline. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 89: 510–520 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.23-00020 (15 November 2023)
 
10. 中村瑠美奈,岩永卓也,中原啓太,住吉大,寺田竜太.2023.ノリ養殖採苗日の延期に伴って行われる殻胞子放出抑制処理がカキ殻糸状体の光合成光化学効率に及ぼす影響.日本水産学会誌89: 521–528 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.23-00024 (2023年11月15日). Rumina Nakamura, Takuya Iwanaga, Keita Nakahara, Dai Sumiyoshi, Ryuta Terada 2023. The effect of photochemical efficiency in cultivated Pyropia sporophytes under the conchospore-release suppression treatment resulting from postponed seeding date. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 89: 521–528 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.23-00024 (15 November 2023)
 
11. Ryuta Terada, Koki Matsuda, Gregory N. Nishihara. 2024. Optimizing cultivation and shipping environments for an edible green alga, Caulerpa chemnitzia var. laetevirens (Bryopsidales) from Japan: Effects of temperature, irradiance, desiccation, and salinity on photochemical efficiency. Phycological Research (In press)
 
Journal Cover
1. Phycological Research 71 (1) January 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12492
 
Others
1. 寺田竜太.2023.鹿児島大学における「ひらめき☆ときめきサイエンス」の海藻押し葉講座:10年間の軌跡.藻類71: 103–105.(2023年7月10日)
 
Award
1. 牧野虎太郎.2023.日本藻類学会第47回大会学生発表賞.ポスター発表大形藻の部.日本藻類学会(2023年3月22日)

Nov 26, 2023

論文:ノリ養殖採苗日の延期に伴って行われる殻胞子放出抑制処理がカキ殻糸状体の光合成光化学効率に及ぼす影響

新しい論文が出ました。佐賀県有明水産振興センターとの共同研究の成果です。

中村瑠美奈,岩永卓也,中原啓太,住吉大,寺田竜太 2023.
ノリ養殖採苗日の延期に伴って行われる殻胞子放出抑制処理がカキ殻糸状体の光合成光化学効率に及ぼす影響.
日本水産学会誌89 (6): 521–528
DOI: 10.2331/suisan.23-00024
 
ノリ養殖の採苗は,地先水温の状況を見ながら事前に採苗日を決めておき,採苗日に胞子体(牡蠣殻糸状体)の殻胞子の放出のピークが来るように放出誘導をします。しかし,台風等の荒天で採苗日を数日延期せざる得ない年が稀にあります。このような場合,殻胞子の放出誘導中にもかかわらず,成熟の進行を一時的に抑え,放出のピークをずらす技術があり,成熟抑制技術や殻胞子放出抑制技術と呼ばれています。今回は,この処理中の胞子体の光合成活性の変化をモニタリングし,この技術の妥当性を評価しました。その結果,ノリ養殖の工程で実際に実施された3日間程度の放出抑制処理では,光化学系IIの実効量子収率は安定して推移することが示唆されました。

Nov 7, 2023

論文:鹿児島湾のアマモ場が2006年と比べて1/10に減少

近年,日本各地で藻場の衰退や消失が報告されています。私たちの研究室が2021年に鹿児島湾の海草藻場(アマモ場)を広域調査した結果,2006年と比べて約10分の1に減少していることが明らかになりました。

新北成実,寺田竜太.2023.鹿児島湾のアマモ場:2021年の分布状況と長期的な衰退.
日本水産学会誌
DOI: 10.2331/suisan.23-00020
無料でダウンロードできます。
 
鹿児島湾のアマモ場(鹿児島市)

 

Oct 9, 2023

New article: The real-time measurements of PSII photochemical efficiency in the microscopic sporophyte of Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis (Bangiaceae) reveals the low capacity of desiccation tolerance that drops within a few minutes of dehydration

Introducing our new article featuring real-time measurements of PSII photochemical efficiency in the microscopic sporophyte of Pyropia yezoensis. It reveals the low capacity of desiccation tolerance that drops within a few minutes of dehydration.

 
Ryuta Terada, Rumina Nakamura, Takuya Iwanaga, Keita Nakahara, Gregory N. Nishihara 2023. 
The real-time measurements of PSII photochemical efficiency in the microscopic sporophyte of Pyropia yezoensis f. narawaensis (Bangiaceae) reveals the low capacity of desiccation tolerance that drops within a few minutes of dehydration. 
Algal Research 75: Article 103283, DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103283 
 

Jul 8, 2023

日本学術振興会ひらめき☆ときめきサイエンスの海藻押し葉講座の10年間をまとめた邦文が出ました

私たちの研究室では,小学生向けの海藻押し葉公開講座を日本学術振興会ひらめき☆ときめきサイエンス事業で10年間実施してきました。このほど,10年間の軌跡をまとめた邦文が日本藻類学会和文誌「藻類」に掲載されました。

寺田竜太.2023.鹿児島大学における「ひらめき☆ときめきサイエンス」の海藻押し葉講座:10年間の軌跡.藻類71 (2): 103–105.2023710日)

以下のリンクよりダウンロード可能です。 

https://researchmap.jp/ryuta-terada/misc/42738266 

https://researchmap.jp/ryuta-terada/misc/42738266/attachment_file.pdf

Jul 6, 2023

New article: Ryuguphycus kuaweuweu (= Umbraulva kuaweuweu) from the northern Ryukyu Islands

Please take a look at my latest article featuring the response of photosynthesis to temperature and irradiance in a deep subtidal green alga, Ryuguphycus kuaweuweu (Ulvales), collected from a depth of 35 meters in the northern Ryukyu Islands, Japan.

Terada, Shindo, Moriyama, Shimboku, Nishihara 2023.
The response of photosynthesis to temperature and irradiance in a green alga, Ryuguphycus kuaweuweu (Ulvales) reveals adaptation to a subtidal environment in the northern Ryukyu Islands.
Algal Research 74: Article 103189
DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103189


Mar 15, 2023

New article: Density regulation of aquaculture production and its effects on commercial profit and quality as food in the cosmopolitan edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida

Please take a look at our new article, which discusses the regulation of aquaculture production density and its impact on commercial profitability and food quality of the cosmopolitan edible seaweed, Undaria pinnatifida.

Yoichi Sato, Takayuki Fujiwara, Hikaru Endo 2023. Density regulation of aquaculture production and its effects on commercial profit and quality as food in the cosmopolitan edible seaweed Undaria pinnatifida. Frontiers in Marine Science 10: 1085054 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1085054

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2023.1085054/full

 

Feb 22, 2023

論文:奄美大島産海草,ウミジグサの論文

奄美大島産のウミジグサの生理生態に関する論文が出ました。

島田菜摘,Gregory N. Nishihara,寺田竜太.2023.奄美大島産ウミジグサHalodule uninervisの光合成における温度や光の影響.日本水産学会誌89 (2): DOI: 10.2331/suisan.22-00035(早期公開:2023222日)

 

Natsumi Shimada, Gregory N. Nishihara, Ryuta Terada. 2023. The effect of temperature and irradiance on the photosynthesis of a seagrass, Halodule uninervis from Amami-Oshima Island, Kagoshima. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 89 (2): DOI: 10.2331/suisan.22-00035 (Online: 22 February 2023)

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/suisan/advpub/0/advpub_22-00035/_article/-char/ja


ウミジグサ Halodule uninervis

Jan 28, 2023

論文:海草ウミショウブEnhalus acoroidesの光合成活性の日周変化

熱帯性の海産顕花植物であるウミショウブEnhalus acoroidesの光合成活性の日周変化を測定した論文が出ました。

島田菜摘,Gregory N. Nishihara,寺田竜太.2022.自然光下の測定によるウミショウブの光合成光化学効率の日変化.水産増殖70 (3): 277–280

Natsumi Shimada, Gregory N. Nishihara, Ryuta Terada. 2022. Diurnal change of the photochemical efficiency in a seagrass, Enhalus acoroides, based on the measurement under incident sunlight. Aquaculture Science 70 (3): 277–280

https://researchmap.jp/ryuta-terada/published_papers/41188424

Enhalus acoroides